专题追踪 | 国际绿色创业研究前沿

编者按：

随着全球气候变暖、能源稀缺、食品安全及重大公共卫生危机等“灰犀牛”或“黑天鹅”事件的频发，人与自然和谐共生日益成为社会关注的重中之重。绿色创业被视为能够同时满足经济底线、环境底线和社会底线（即三重底线原则）的“灵丹妙药”。那么绿色创业到底能否有效解决生态问题，其背后的作用机制又是怎样的，当前已有不少学者对此展开了深入研究。通过分享发表在国际一流期刊关于绿色创业的最新研究，可供对该方向感兴趣的读者借鉴。

目录 CONTENTS

• 通过绿色创业实现可持续发展：基于制度的视角
  

• Pursuing sustainable development through green entrepreneurship: An institutional perspective

• 实现绿色：对于绿色创业经济与管理的新观点

• Born to be green: new insights into the economics and management of green entrepreneurship

• 共享经济中的绿色创业：基于多重制度逻辑

• Green entrepreneurship in the sharing economy: utilising multiplicity of institutional logics

• 绿色是新型黄金吗？风险资本与绿色创业

• Is green the new gold? Venture capital and green entrepreneurship

• 绿色创业与商业模式：驱动绿色技术商业模式

• Green entrepreneurship and business models: Deriving green technology business model archetypes

通过绿色创业实现可持续发展：基于制度的视角

Pursuing sustainable development through green entrepreneurship: An institutional perspective

摘要：

在最近的环境管理和创业文献中，开始倡导、概念化和实证研究如何通过绿色创业实现可持续发展。然而，由于“嵌入代理悖论”，绿色创业者所处的制度环境可能会阻碍他们接受可持续发展。一家公司如何克服这种代理问题的责任，逃离所谓的“绿色牢笼”？本研究提出，由于跨国资本使企业接触到国外制度，因而获得了制度学习的机会。因此，本文研究了跨国资本如何影响绿色创业，而绿色创业又如何影响企业绩效。基于制度理论，本研究开发了一个具有三个维度的企业层面的绿色创业框架，包括绿色倡议（企业积极采用绿色实践）、获得政府绿色支持（企业通过适应与绿色实践相关的政府激励、计划和政策从政府获得的利益），以及绿色政治影响力（一家公司试图影响制定与绿色实践相关的法律、规则和法规的立法）。通过分析152家从事跨国投资活动的公司和151家未从事跨国投资的公司获得的结果表明，跨国资本与绿色倡议和政府绿色支持呈正相关，而这两个因素进一步直接提高了企业绩效，并介导了跨国资本对绩效的影响。

Pursuing sustainable development through green entrepreneurship has been advocated, conceptualized, and empirically examined in the recent environmental management and entrepreneurship literature. However, green entrepreneurs are embedded in institutional environments that may discourage them from embracing sustainable development because of the “paradox of embedded agency.” How can a firm over come the liability of such an agency issue and escape what has become known as a “green prison”? This study proposes that, because international venturing exposes firms to foreign institutions, it provides them with opportunities for institutional learning. Thus, we examine how international venturing influences green entrepreneurship which, in turn, impacts firm performance. Specifically, based on institutional theory, this study develops a firm-level green entrepreneurship framework with three dimensions: green initiatives (a firm's active adoption of green practices), received government green support (benefits that a firm gains from the government by adapting to governmental incentives, programs, and policies related to green practices), and green political influence (a firm's attempts to influence legislation that enacts laws, rules, and regulations related to green practices). The results obtained by analyzing 152 firms that engage in international venturing activities and 151 firms that do not show that international venturing is positively associated with green initiatives and government green support while these two factors further directly enhance firm performance and mediate the effects of international venturing on performance.

关键词：

公司绩效；绿色创业；制度理论；跨国资本；可持续发展 

文献来源：

Zhao M., Liu J., Shu C., 2021, “Pursuing sustainable development through green entrepreneurship: An institutional perspective”, Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(8), pp. 4281~4296.

实现绿色：对于绿色创业经济与管理的新观点

Born to be green: new insights into the economics and management of green entrepreneurship

摘要：

为应对亟待解决的环境问题，尽管世界各地的绿色初创企业数量稳步增加，但关于此类企业的行为和绩效，仍有一些问题尚未解决。本期特刊中的论文强调了行业生命周期、知识溢出、制度和外部融资的可用性等几个因素在塑造绿色初创企业的决策和企业行为方面的作用，从而阐明了这些问题。本文重点介绍了文献中的最新进展，讨论了本特刊中论文的主要贡献，并为对绿色创业感兴趣的学者提出了未来的研究议程。

While the number of green start-ups has steadily increased around the world in response to the environmental problems demanding immediate solutions, there are several unresolved questions on the behaviour and performance of such ventures. The papers in this special issue shed light on these issues by underscoring the role of several factors, such as industry life cycles, knowledge spillovers, institutions, and availability of external finance, in shaping decision-making and firm behaviour in green start-ups. This paper highlights the state-of-the-art developments in the literature, discusses the key contributions of the papers put together in this special issue, and presents a future research agenda for scholars interested in green entrepreneurship.

关键词：

绿色创业；环保部门；绿色经济

文献来源：

Demirel P., Li Q.C., Rentocchini F., et al., 2019, “Born to be green: new insights into the economics and management of green entrepreneurship”, Small Business Economics, 52(4), pp. 759~771.

共享经济中的绿色创业：基于多重制度逻辑

Green entrepreneurship in the sharing economy: utilising multiplicity of institutional logics

摘要：

共享经济开发未充分利用冗余资源的绿色潜力引起了政府机构、投资者和消费者的浓厚兴趣和期望。除了新兴的绿色逻辑外，更成熟的经济和社会逻辑似乎对共享平台的增长至关重要。本文运用制度逻辑方法，研究了共享经济中的创业团队如何应对各种制度的复杂期望。通过与英国共享平台创始人和高管的30次半结构化访谈，本文研究了创业团队使用的策略，以利用和结合绿色逻辑与现有的其他制度逻辑。结果表明，共享平台能够通过灵活利用绿色逻辑、经济逻辑和社会逻辑，应用降低复杂性和吸收复杂性的策略，以及逻辑使用的时间调整来发展。

The green potential of the sharing economy to exploit underutilised or redundant resources has generated a considerable interest and expectations on the part of government institutions, investors and consumers. Alongside the emerging green logic, more established economic and social logics appear to be critical for growth of sharing platforms. Applying an institutional logics approach, this paper investigates how entrepreneurial teams in the sharing economy deal with this complexity of expectations of various constituents and institutions. Based on 30 semi-structured interviews with founders and executives of UK sharing platforms, we examine the strategies used by entrepreneurial teams to utilise and combine the green logic with other institutional logics present. The results demonstrate that sharing platforms are able to grow via utilising the green logic together with the economic and social logics in a flexible manner, applying complexity reducing and complexity absorbing strategies as well as temporal adjustments in the use of logics.

关键词：

共享经济；制度逻辑；可持续；绿色创业

文献来源：

Grinevich V., Huber F., Karataş-Özkan M., et al., 2019, “Green entrepreneurship in the sharing economy: utilising multiplicity of institutional logics”, Small Business Economics, 52(4), pp. 859~876.

绿色是新型黄金吗？风险资本与绿色创业

Is green the new gold? Venture capital and green entrepreneurship

摘要：

我们在意大利独立、非上市、高科技创业公司的样本中验证了天生的绿色是否代表着对潜在风险投资（VC）投资者的信号。通过控制主要的潜在信号和所谓的绿色和非绿色企业家之间的选择偏差，采用了几种识别策略。我们利用企业层面的信息来寻找风险投融资，同时利用工具变量环境中对环境问题认识的跨地方社区差异。研究结果表明，无论是基于绿色技术经营企业，还是将企业定位在绿色行业，都与获得风险投资的可能性密切相关。相反，只有当企业家基于绿色技术/产品开展活动，并将其业务定位在绿色部门时，天生的绿色人才是投资者的可靠信号。此外，我们提出了三个偶然事件，这些偶然事件调节了绿色商业主张与获得风险投资的可能性之间的联系，即创始人的技术/科学教育背景、公司作为学术分流的源头，以及公司股东参与合资企业的股权。本文提供了相关的管理启示。

We test whether born-to-be-green represents a signal toward potential venture capital (VC) investors on a sample of Italian, independent, unlisted, high-tech entrepreneurial firms. We employ several identification strategies by controlling for the major potential signals and the alleged selection bias between green and nongreen entrepreneurs. We exploit firm-level information about the Bactive search for VC financing. Alternatively, we exploit the cross-local community variation in the awareness about environmental issues in an instrumental variable setting. Our results show that neither running a business based on green technologies nor positioning a business in a green sector per se are strongly correlated with the likelihood to get VC. Instead, we find that born-to-be-green can be a reliable signal for investors only when entrepreneurs perform activities based on green technologies/products and position their business in a green sector, at the same time. Further, we present three contingencies that moderate the association between green business propositions and the likelihood to get VC, namely the technical/scientific education of the founder(s), the origin of the firm as academic spin-out, and the presence of corporate shareholders into the venture’s equity. The paper offers relevant managerial implications.

关键词：

创业；绿色投资；风险投资；信号；绿色技术；绿色产品

文献来源：

Mrkajic B., Murtinu S., Scalera V.G., 2019, “Is green the new gold? Venture capital and green entrepreneurship”, Small Business Economics, 52(4), pp. 929~950.

绿色创业与商业模式：驱动绿色技术商业模式

Green entrepreneurship and business models: Deriving green technology business model archetypes

摘要：

对促进生态可持续性绿色技术的关注正在显著改变商业环境。尽管它有助于以生态可持续的方式改变当代商业实践，但关于各种类型的绿色技术及其应用的信息还不够。因此，识别和分类以绿色技术为重点的商业模式，以促进这些技术的创造和建立至关重要。尽管过去十年中，有关绿色技术商业模式的文献越来越受到关注，但对这一日益增长的现象的多学科研究仍处于萌芽状态，而且是零散的。特别是，没有一个总体的绿色技术商业模式框架能够整合现有的方法，并提供对其实际影响和未来研究前景的理解。本文开展了首项研究，通过结合生态环境、技术和创业三大支柱来解决这一空白。本研究基于可持续商业模式原型和技术创业活动这两个相关概念，概述了12个独特的商业模式原型，提出了一种新的绿色技术商业模式类型。这一框架得到了各种相关绿色技术解决方案的支持和说明，通过对现有的、基于经验的相关文献的系统回顾，确定了这些解决方案。这一框架将有助于未来基于绿色生产的政策制定研究。

Discourses advocating a focus on green technologies that promote ecological sustainability are changing the business environment signifificantly. Despite its contribution to transforming contemporary business practices in an ecologically sustainable manner, there is not enough information on the various types of green technologies and their applications. Therefore, it is essential to identify and classify business models that focus on green technologies, in order to promote the creation and establishment of these technologies. Although the literature on green technology business models has gained increasing attention during the past decade, the multidisciplinary research on this growing phenomenon is still nascent and fragmented. Particularly, there is no overarching green technology business model framework that integrates the existing approaches and provides an understanding of their practical implications and future research prospects. Here, we present the fifirst study to address this gap by incorporating the three pillars e the ecological environment, technology, and entrepreneurship. This study proposes a novel typology of green technology business models by outlining twelve distinctive business model archetypes based on two relevant concepts, namely, the sustainable business model archetypes and technological entrepreneurship activities. This framework is underpinned and illustrated by a variety of relevant green technology solutions that the authors have identifified through a systematic review of existing, empirically grounded literature on the subject. The authors believe that this framework would be useful for future research on policy making based on cleaner production.

关键词：

绿色商业模式；绿色创业；绿色技术；价值创造；绿色产品；环境

文献来源：

Trapp C.T.C., Kanbach D.K., 2021, “Green entrepreneurship and business models: Deriving green technology business model archetypes”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 297, pp. 126694.

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